發貨人和第三方物流將“最后一公里”推進到“最后一米”

Shippers, 3PLs go beyond the last mile to the 'last yard'

Shefali Kapadia

PUBLISHED Oct. 1, 2018

簡要研讀：

Dive Brief:

根據第23屆第三方物流年度研究報告顯示，在一個電商驅動的商業環境中，超過70%的發貨人和第三方物流提供商確認了對于“最后一米”的服務需求，這是“最后一公里”服務的進一步擴展。

In an e-commerce driven environment, more than 70% of shippers and third party logistics providers (3PLs) recognize the need for "last-yard" services, the next step beyond the last mile, according to the 23rd annual Third-Party Logistics Study.

然而，管理“最后一米”是一項挑戰，53%的發貨人回應說他們對于“最后一米”的管理是有效的，但只有34%的第三方物流商這么認為。

Managing the last yard, however, presents a challenge, with 53% of shippers responding they effectively manage the last yard, and only 34% of 3PLs agreeing last-yard logistics was managed effectively.

發貨人對于“最后一米”的服務中，最擔心的問題是延遲、損壞、錯放和丟失。

Delayed, damaged, misplaced and lost deliveries were the top last-yard concerns among shippers.

深入研讀：

Dive Insight:

對于發貨人而言，“最后一公里”一直是整個供應鏈中成本最高也最具挑戰性的環節，而“最后一米”也不見得容易管理。

Last-mile logistics have consistently been one of most expensive and challenging parts of a supply chain for shippers to manage, and last-yard logistics aren't much easier to tackle.

“‘最后一米’有可能變得一團糟，”報告聲稱。

"Last-yard logistics can be chaotic," the study said.

“最后一公里”表示將貨物配送到零售門店或者客戶家門口，“最后一米”則表示客戶接收貨物并將其放到最終使用地點的過程。

While the last mile could be delivery from a retail store to a customer's front door, the last yard represents the customer receiving that package and taking it to its point of use.

在一個B2B的場景中，備件也許會被（“最后一公里”服務）送至（收貨人的）收貨平臺，“最后一米”承擔的職能就是將這個備件送至生產組裝的工位上。

In a B2B scenario, repair parts may be sent to a receiving dock, and the last yard is the movement to the manufacturing location where the parts will be used.

B2B和B2C場景中“最后一米”的示例。引自：第三方物流研究（譯者注：原圖直接加上翻譯）

Examples of the last yard in B2B and B2C scenarios. Credit: Third-Party Logistics Study

雖然對于發貨人而言，無論是象征意義還是實際位置，“最后一米”都遠離其控制的范圍，但價值鏈環節中的這一部分對于管理以客戶為中心的供應鏈的增長是至關重要的。

The last yard may seem physically and metaphorically far away from the shipper, but this part of the value chain is essential for managing growth in consumer-centric supply chains.

“對‘最后一米’的職能的執行能力將決定客戶需求是否能得到充分滿足?！眻蟾嫘Q。

"The capable execution of last-yard responsibilities will determine whether the customer’s needs are fully satisfied or not," the report stated.

許多發貨人已經采取了一些創新性方法來滿足“最后一米”的需求。一些零售商已經在嘗試將易變質的食品送到顧客的冰箱中，而不僅僅是放在家門口的臺階上。

Many shippers have taken innovative steps to fulfill the last yard. Some retailers have tested delivering perishables inside a customer's refrigerator rather than leaving the items on the doorstep.

快遞柜也越來越受歡迎。亞馬遜在一些公寓推出了快遞柜服務（譯者注：參見6月22日本公眾號發布的文章《亞馬遜想插手你所有的快遞》），UPS也在一些住宅區啟動了“鎖控遞送”的服務以確保包裹的安全配送（譯者注：“鎖控遞送”是譯者的意譯，這個服務目前是在紐約一些有鎖的公寓樓門口安裝一個聯網的電子密碼器，快遞員每次通過密碼進入公寓內，將包裹放在大廳或者公寓收發室）。這些概念的應用消除了物流服務商和客戶之間的人工干預。

Package lockers have grown in popularity, as well. Amazon has rolled out package lockers in several apartment buildings, and UPS launched a pilot with Latch to securely place parcels inside residential complexes. These concepts eliminate "staff intervention" between the logistics provider and customer.

“最后一米”仍然有相當大的提升空間。報告中提及，收發室和收貨部門需要進行現代化的改造，以便更好的處理物流需求。此外，科技和軟件水平的發展能確保發貨人和第三方物流商實時了解配送的狀態。

Still, there's more room for improvement in the last yard. The report noted mail rooms and receiving departments need to be modernized to better handle logistics. In addition, technology and software can keep shippers and 3PLs informed in real-time of a delivery status.

最后一米“提醒了我們供應鏈的復雜性，以及需要供應鏈的各個參與方（例如第三方物流商和客戶）同心協力地識別其需求并采取合適的解決方法。”報告指出。

The last yard is "a reminder of the complexity of supply chains and the need for supply chain participants (e.g., 3PLs and their customers) to work together to identify and implement appropriate solutions," the study said.

此文系作者個人觀點，不代表羅戈網立場

-END-